Management and Competence free essay sample

The competence or skill expected of a professional. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Competence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficienthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficienthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiencthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismy is professionalismcy is professionalismcy is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism the key to quality and efficiency is professionalismthe competence or skill expected of a professional. the key to quality and efficiency is professionalism

Confucius Essays

Confucius Essays Confucius Paper Confucius Paper They have distinctly different beliefs. Confucianism was developed by a Chinese philosopher named KÂ ¶Eng FUzi (551- 479 BCC), also known as Confucius. He was a knowledgeable man who thought about how people should live, how righteousness (Lie) can be achieved and how the society or government should be structured. The Analects of Confucius explains how men can become a gentlemen. If a man follows the rules of Confucius and completes all his duties of his status, he could influence others In society to be honorable, hardworking, honest, and just. A gentleman said, Feels bad when his capableness fall short of the task. He does not feel bad when people fall to recognize him (15. 18). A gentlemen Is different because he does not care about personal gains; his Integrity Is more Important. He never stated whether humans were born evil or good, he did however say that humanity shared the same qualities. They all have the ability to be conditioned through studying and practicing. During the warring states period, Han Fizz (280-233 BC) and Shank Yang (390-338 BC) wanted people to follow a philosophy that could strengthen the government and to create laws that are firmer. Legalism may have originated from Zinc (312-230 SC), a student of Confucius. He believed that all men were born evil and their natural self-interest dominates them the moment they are born, the desire for love, wealth, and power causes people to conduct impulsive actions. Legalism has a set of rules and if they are broken, there will be consequences and punishments. This related to the First Emperor Sin Slashing Dells book burning. The three elements of a proper government based on legalists are power and position (SSL), administrative techniques and methods (Chub ND comprehensive systems of law (FAA). Confucius and Legalism did not preach an afterlife, so if one needed mental support Confucius would tell them to rely on books and knowledge for comfort and Han Fee-Uzi would tell one to be diligent with work. According to a Confucianism, a ruler has to be worthy in order for his subjects to obey him. In the Emperor Tagging on Effective Government it wrote, When a ruler looks as lofty and firm as a mountain peak People will admire and respect him (112). The government was created to assist the people. In a legalists perspective, the overspent comes before anything else and the people are there to serve the government. Legalism believes one should prepare for war and contribute In physical labor, but Confucianism believes life should be centered more on education and advancing your talking to promote better living styles. In East Asia: a Cultural, Social, and Political History It says, Ruler should promote worthy and capable, Lossless ten Incompetent, Ana puns ten evil (2 Legally TTS Delve Tanat violence and abuse can control the people while Confucianism believe that an educated ruler can regulate the people. They both have different views on ruling the government and how rulers should act. Confucius precepts and standards gained new currency in the Han Empire. However, administrators appeared to have accepted the philosophy of Legalism without openly promoting it. A reason why the Han dynasty lasted for more than 400 years is because the Han emperors implemented a combination of legalism and Confucianism called imperial Confucianism. This ideology helps provide a leader who does not execute his power through violence. Instead, a ruler needs to be progressive and set a moral example in order for other to embrace his leadership. The imperial examinations were tests on the Confucian classics to select officials for the state bureaucracy. His officials had to have knowledge and the government had a mix of Confucianism and Legalism. The stem to all the chaos was to incorporate the practices and other philosophies from the golden age. The altercation would bring unity to the people and would become fruitful to the government. Despite the difference between Legalism and Confucianism, it was an intelligent idea for the Han Dynasty to utilize them together to promote a successful government for 400 years.

God's plan for worship from Genesis through Revelation Research Paper

God's plan for worship from Genesis through Revelation - Research Paper Example Man’s sole purpose while living in the garden was to worship God at al times, obey His commands and praise Him for the wonderful work He had done in creating the entire universe. But what actually is worship? Several instances of worship have been mentioned in the bible right from the first book, Genesis, to the last book in the bible, Revelation. God’s greatest commission to humanity from the beginning was to worship Him and honour Him as his creator and sustainer as well as the provider for all that man needed in the world. This reverence was to be shown by simply bowing to God in reverence for the works he had made during man’s life. It has however not been easy for humanity to accomplish this task as he is rocked on either side by the enemy, the devil. Anderson defines worship as inner form of communication with God (Anderson, 1992). Worshiping is the only way through which we pour our hearts to God and tell Him of all lour tribulations in this world â€Å"A rise, cry out in the night, as the watches of the night begin; pour out your hearts like water in the presence of the Lord. Lift up your hands to Him for the lives of your children, who faint for hunger at the head of every street† (Lamentation 2:19). God however teaches humanity the way of worship both in the old as well as in the new testaments. In this paper I will discuss the principles of worship both in the Old Testament and the New Testament.... The ways of worship are however not changed as these remains the same throughout the entire bible. God gives strong commands in worshiping Him in the Old Testament. The repercussion for not worshipping God according to the Old Testament requirements are felt immediately, such included stoning one to death upon doing something which is contrary to what God has commanded. ‘If a person sins and does what is forbidden in any of God’s commands, even though he does not know it, he is guilty and will be held responsible. He is to bring to the priest as a guilt offering a lamb from the flock, one without defect and of the proper value. In this way, the priest will make atonement for him for the wrong he has committed unintentionally, and he will be forgiven. It is a guilt offering, He has been guilty of wrong doing against the Lord’ (Leviticus 5: 17- 19). The regulative principle The kind of authoritative worship which the Lord commands in the Old Testament was pegged on the mosaic laws which had strong commands on how the worship of the Lord was to be conducted. Failure to comply with the requirements of God during worship times was punishable by immediate death of the victims. God thou shall not have any other god before me for I m a jealous God, I punish those who sin against me up to their forth generations and blesses the thousands who comes before me to worship me (Anderson , 1999). The regulative principle note throughout the Old Testament required that the people of God do not add to anything to what God had commanded them to do neither were they to remove from God’s commandments what He had stipulated. Such actions were to be punished immediately as has been shown in the previous instances. He says in Deuteronomy chapter 12 vs

Adolf Hitler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adolf Hitler - Essay Example People always refer to him as having been cruel and full of greed for power. Hitler promoted anticommunism and anti-Semitism with the Nazi propaganda and charismatic oratory. He became a full grown dictator between 1934 and 1934. He contributed to the death of about 11 million people with six million of them having been the Jews. He later committed suicide in 1945 together with his wife (Langer n.d.). From Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective, Hitler’s personality molded when he was a child. Fred’s notion is that the personality shapes up during childhood. A healthy personality develops upon completion of the psychosexual stages. Some people do not complete all the stages as required leading to fixation. Hitler had rough times when he was a kid. He lost his brother eventually changing him from a happy child to a morose and sullen boy. He preferred his mother than the father. Freud suggests that Hitler may have experienced the Oedipus complex back at his childhood. It is likely that he developed jealousy to his father and sexual attraction to his loving mother. The main reason for his behavior could have been his unwillingness to follow his father’s will and revolt all his ideas. There could have been the father-son competition. Although he had a wife and many girlfriends, Hitler’s sexual orientation remains undisclosed. He could have been a homose xual while others insisted of him being a heterosexual. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic approach, compulsions and obsessions show maladaptive responses to unsolved conflicts during the early stages of development. Hitler developed the insecurity feeling from his childhood. His unstable thoughts and feelings brought the feelings of fear and anxiousness. His racial hygiene approaches reveal his compulsions and obsessions to killing and torturing others (Langer n.d.). Another psychoanalytic theory from Alfred Adler suggests that people with a feeling

Telephone Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Telephone - Annotated Bibliography Example This definitive book has been written as a guideline by Lotz and facilitates its readers with offering a road map to the development and enhancement of the television. The book provides a unique prospect to have an insiders view into a captivating account of innovation and perseverance. It also gives a glimpse of the present and future of television to those people who are interested in knowing about it. The book emphasizes the significance of television in giving a culture and nation its form and shape. William argues that television has offered more chances of developing, expressing and carrying ourselves in a much better and improved manner. Besides this, he also discusses the impacts that this invention can possibly have on the future of this world. The book Media Effects and Research provides a well-elaborated and well-written introduction for the students and faculty researching upon the likely effects of the prevalence of mass media in the society. The book, through its interesting style, provides the readers a fascinating piece of information on the theories and impacts of media. Holmes, in his book, stresses upon the arousing historic relations between the culture of films and the British television during the year 1950s. He also argues upon the development of the film idea and its impacts on the societies coming ahead. The book forms a vital part of the research by elaborating upon the shows, releases and film fares which contributed greatly towards forming the relations between societies and the developing media. Besides this, it also demonstrates the way cinema and television play their parts in effectively unifying and becoming a unique form of development in the society. The book gives its readers an understanding of the television research in both, the qualitative and quantitative horizons. It

Mcdonalds rewards

Mcdonalds rewards The Reward System I have read the reward system of McDonald and personally we are very impressed and committed with this so that’s why we are gating that idea from McDonald reward system. A Global food services retailer knows as McDonalds is the leading global foodservice retailer. Details about its operations: Founder : Ray Kroc Number of Restaurants : 31,000 Approx Number of People Serve : 58 Million Approx (118 countries) 75% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women. Some famous dishes of McDonalds World Famous Fries, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, Chicken McNuggets and Egg McDuffie. The well-built foundation that he built continues today with McDonalds idea and the commitment of our talented managers to keep the shine on McDonalds Arches for years to come. http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company.html Reward system of McDonald For McDonalds Corporation U.S. employees at corporate, division and region offices, our many benefits are organized into four categories: Security and Health Security, health and insurance remuneration Medical Vision supplement plan Dental stretchy spending accounts Short and long term disability Employee and dependent life insurance Accidental death dismemberment (ADD) Travel and business travel accident insurance Salaries and Rewards Remuneration, compensation, reward and recognition programs Basic pay motivation pay Company car program Recognition programs Future incentives Reserves, investment and financial management programs Profit Sharing and Savings Plan MCDirect Shares Mc$ave Credit union Financial planning services Others benefits Job/life remuneration leave Holidays Anniversary splatter Sabbatical program Summer Hours Leave of absence substitute Work Approach taking up assistance Kids concession Educational support identical gifts program worker Resource relationship Auto and home insurance group concession program International Fitness Club Network afar Work Internet discount program http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/careers/employee_benefits.html Now we can discuse in detail the reward system The Reward System Statement and knowledge are significant components of the change procedure. However even if the change message is well communicated and well conservative, and people are given the chance to study so they can act if you see in the quite new atmospheric no one can go to alter their performance. If they see theyre not leaving to revolutionize. What do you thing the reward system is important? If the company fail to give the reward to employees you can see that effect will go to company profit because of this company will go downward. So the reward system will be play main role in it. If you give the benefits to your employee you see every employ will try to improve work for the organization. People only work for the rewards. Reward system is very attractive thing for employees of the organization, reward system increase and enhance their working capacity and commitment. For some people the reward may be mostly monetary. Similar like this any company or any Originations rewarding system always brought positive crash. Rewards Rewards are grand arent they? But keep in mind, so when the reward goes to employ the employ will use that benefits of the organization and with the help of this they also maintain the life and enjoy every moment of life. Now you want them to work in a different way. and to behave differently And dont remember, they are thoughts if Ive got to labor to get unique skills, whats in it for me? Hows it going away to work if Im doing an enormous job, but the other team members arent why should I lose out because the others arent performing? And how am I going to move ahead if there are smaller number levels in the association? What sort of prize determination I get? Is it worth the attempt to change? So previous to plummeting ahead with a alter project, you need to reply a few question concerning the current and prospect reward system. Primary, regarding What are the current rewards? What is at present rewarded? How do you provide the reward? And then about the future organization What do you want satisfied? What are the rewards leaving to be? Whats the score system going to be? Whos going to be doing the scoring? How will rewards be given? Who is leaving to be satisfied? Who will do the rewarding? CEOs, heads, directors, managers, supervisors, and simultaneous Engineering team members all need to be informed of the answer to his question upfront. And make it unadorned frank to the people who do the rewarding that if they dont give a reward that is due, they will be in deep problem because it will give the feeling that youre not grave about change. And once people start thinking that youre not serious concerning change, and start to hesitation your honesty, and then no one is leaving to alter their activities. The not on time moderator Tuttle said, the expert mans only asset is himself. If he does not contain the quality of honesty he is valueless. If he does he is invaluable. Good alter managers must have the excellence of integrity, and are invaluable. http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/careers/employee_benefits.html Do YOU AGREE WITH PROFERMCE LINKED AWARD SYSTEM? I would like to share copied the meaning of Reward system along with that what is reward? Why we should be decided with satisfying scheme within our association. Plunder are great arent they? But keep in mind, after the hard work when the company give the attractive pay and other things for this hard work with the help of this the company goes up for these benefit in the shape of reward employee enjoy the life and that enjoyment makes his mind to more hard work for the company and for more to get the reward and make the life good and the employee desire them to work in a different way and good treat. Then you want prize them in a different way. Primary,ok and that benefit into the shape of reward change the employee’ you can get the prospect. Youll want to reward them for changing getting the right skill and behave the right way. Youll want to prize them for going a bit additional than average and doing things really right. Performance management includes processes that effectively communicate company aligned goals, evaluate employee performance and reward them fairly. Your Pay and Rewards (ref from McDonald’s reward system) Attractive program follows a pay for appearance beliefs: The better your results, the greater your pay opportunities. Base Pay Since employees bottom pay is the most important portion of their recompense, McDonalds maintain the competitiveness of our base pay through an annual review of both external market data and interior peer data. In our business, division and region offices, McDonalds has a broad banding compensation system. Broad banding allows for suppleness in terms of pay, movement and growth. Incentive Pay Inducement pay gives our workers with the possibility to earn spirited total compensation when performance meets and exceed goals. For our corporate, parting and region office, the Target Incentive Plan (TIP) links employee presentation with the presentation of the business they hold up. TIP pays a gratuity on top of employees base salaries base on business presentation and their person appearance. Long Term Incentives Long term incentives are granted to entitled workers to both prize and retain key employees who have shown continued presentation and can crash long-term value creation at McDonalds. for the befits of employees the long term incentives are very helpful because when the organization has a policies of incentives or long term incentives then the employees of the organization feel secured and work hardly for the organization. Similar like this any company or any Originations rewarding system always brought positive crash. Recognition Programs Our recognition programs are intended to reward and recognize physically powerful performers. For our corporate, separation and region offices, these take in the president Award (given to the top 1% of individual performers worldwide) and the Circle of fineness Award (given to top teams worldwide to be familiar with their aid for advancing our vision). Once start to hesitation your honesty, and then no one is leaving to alter their activities Appraisal system is also very helpful and makes a positive competition and encouragement in between the employees of the organization. Promotions will be appraisal based which encourage employees for hard work. Company Car Program Our company car program provides entitled employees with a company car for both business and individual / personal use. If entitled, employees can decide from. This is also very encouraging and motivating incentive for employees. It creates competition between employees and they work hard to get this incentive. I had explained earlier above in easy words which are also explaining the definition of rewarding system within Organization. I am really agreed by satisfying system in any system which is very much helpful for the worker of company or Organization’s person who is been rewired in past work more harder for future to get better achievement in his life’s would like add one simple example of satisfying system why we should be agreed because if we deliberate hard then institution of higher education Reward us with Degree which greet the internal feelings of any person. Similar like this any company or any Originations rewarding system always brought positive crash. Rewarding system is basically encouragement for employees and appreciation for their hard work. Rewarding system is very beneficial for the organization too. Rewarding system always longed-for either it is for client reward to make them content for keep coming back to you or reward for urn worker for the best services. Rewards for clients or employees is very attractive and worth full. Organization will get many benefits from awarding system. The primary emphasis: In the approach discussed above is on as long as monetary plunder to be familiar with teams and cooperation. A recent study shows the feasibility of using non-financial rewards for this purpose. The study (Shaw Schneider, 1995) focussed on recital and reward management practices in large organizations using full-time teams of excused employees. Its results point to that only one-fourth of the organization surveyed used financial rewards to be familiar with teams; the rest used a wide variety of non-financial rewards including public recognition of high performing teams. Many organizations reward employees who are effectual team contributor through highly valued job and team assignments. Teamwork itself can provide intrinsic rewards through swelling and enrichment of work. Being a member of a well-known, highly prestigious team may be perceived as an even more intrinsically pleasing reward. Much organization gives targets to their employees. When they achieve their target, organizati ons reward them. Devising reward systems: A figure of design issue should be kept in mind while devise prize systems to be familiar with team success and human being team members aid to this achievement. To begin with, it is very important to set team objectives which spell out evidently what is usual from the team. These objectives can then be used to decide team level prize. Sometimes, teams are encouraged to compete against each other for a team level prize. This practice can hamper cooperation, information-sharing, and coordination across teams. Inter-dependencies among teams should be considered before implementing such competitive rewards. The next main issue relates to the distribution of team level reward among individual team members. Reward could be dispersed equally or differentially. Equal distribution can endorse cooperation among team members. But, it can also. DESIGNING A REWARD PROGRAM The keys to just beginning a reward show is as follows: Credit of corporation or group goal that the reward program will support Identification of the desired employee performance or behaviours that will strengthen the companys goals strength of mind of key measurements of the performance or behaviour, base on the person or groups preceding achievement Determination of suitable rewards Communication of program to employees. This system is depends on Employees performance and behaviour, if there performance and behaviour is positive then they will get more benefits from the organization. On the other hand, if they their performance and behaviour is not good then there is not reward for them, this will be encourage them for hard work and positive and good behaviour. DIFFERENTIATING REWARDS FROM MERIT PAY AND THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL In scheming a reward program, a little business landlord needs to divide the salary or value pay system from the reward system. monetary rewards, especially those given on a regular basis such as bonuses, gain sharing, etc., should be tied to an employees or a groups activities and should be careful pay at risk in order to coldness them from salary. By doing consequently, a manager can avoid a sense of entitlement on the part of the employee and ensure that the reward] highlight fineness or achievement rather than basic competency. Performance appraisal is based on the performance and behaviour of the employees, this is very beneficial for the company to make a good competition between the employees, if company give those benefits on the basis of their performance and behaviour / attitude and hard work, and this will encourage and attract the other one who is not performing well. Conclusions It is very much clear that current prize systems require changes to fit with the rising organizational realities. Skill-based pay, broadband pay structures, variable pay, and team rewards are among the new approaches that have been suggested in the creative writing. When we will give those Prizes, rewards, pays according to their skills and behaviour and performance then they will feel secured and this will increase their working skill. The discussion in this paper indicates that logic underlying this approach appears to be sound, but many key design issues confront them. I-O psychologists and other behavioural scientists can play a significant role in addressing this issue. Question: How will you define a Career? Describe the Strategies adopted for career development in Organization. Definition: The initiative for your future has long been searched in the social sciences. It has been described as being in connection with individuality and as long as a residual trace of the individual’s relationship with work. A constructionist approach to research enables a focus on the language of career-talk as an opaque incidence. The analysis of 54 interviews with university alumnae working by one large, UK based, high street seller provides an illustration of how common sense understandings nearby career work as a backdrop to individual financial records. Career as a strategic plan is denied, yet negotiate as a legitimate, even attractive, behavior of the employing association. Although the focal point of analysis is on the tools and does of communication, situated at a micro level, this analysis illustrates how specific constructive practices make worldwide notions of career relevant and up for re-negotiation in interaction Palming for making the good future: How are major UK utilizing institutions commerce with career growth in situation which we are told threaten the very idea of a future career? Carer building is one the important aspect of human resource management and it plays an important role in motivation of employees. Pressures building change in the concept of good career as imbursement together safety and series have come from hard works shortage and continually changes in company. They have brought attractive and beautiful successful ways leave the work protection, very less job atmosphere, no one can made the career. These things which are different on the earth one more thing raises for the success of these jobs. Growth we mean all those performance increasing the human mind and then he use the batter in the work as well as teaching and guidance. Changing tasks The case study organisations plays their role in this in this investigates have surely been under strong stress to review their facts about career growth. Most of them have abridged the promise of the organisation to managing the career progress of the labour force from director of manager. It was explained that in job shift batter meant of future (career) employer managed it. (Board of director who had the power and daily basis employer for the well result specially arranging the employee (by the employee)( personal development plans). Modified to over come organisational and individual need. Segmented strategies What is visibly incidence is that beneath the universal rhetoric of career growth (most often about helped self-development), real strategic place differ from each other Workforce to another: Older managers and experienced workers are receipt rehabilitated attention and are still usual for career with the farm either if it is not career of life. Successful plan work stay for long-time, and the build-up the group is also planned. For the career improvement: The maximum hard workers here the original company problem. if the every one try to encourage and push up the others so the that thing will be improve the level of activity in the organization and for this everyone will be honest with the job and the organization will be improve day by day Knowledge of the organisations in this investigate research plan based on gap point of three Keyes .each of which needs to be stopped up before oratory and realism align. A complete honest message The primary hole is flanked by the wants of the business and the fixed message from the top concerning careers and advance. This gap occurs either because the career expansion point is no good, it is badly and not fair linked or because it is poorly or dishonestly communicated. Specific the original career development place may be segmented, belied by a worldwide message. Workable career development processes. The moment hole is involving the career improvement clue accepted and the processes or interventions which HR people put in place. At in attendance these processes do not seem to bring into line with the message, they do not fit jointly, and they are not well unspoken. Real intention to deliver The third break is stuck between the official messages — of rule and/or processes — and the realism of employment and development practices. This hole clearly occurs if the message is lying. It also occurs if workers see that systems are not important for used, actually that previous plan are not suitable for promise and causes. It is just because of this gap that recourses for labour force to observe career growth scheme as mere rhetoric. What workers and their managers need at current is a much clearer sight of: The assumptions the company is creation about their prospect service and its intention to support their progress Practical processes for deploy people and delivering enlargement which are consistent with these intention The reserve and promise for taking these types of program used If we see in past we can get that simple ways in which the company could use the out test for the planed strategies and special and important clues for the good results. Ref: www.aboutmcdonalds.com.

Teenage Abortion Essay -- Abortion Essays Research Papers

The subject of teenage abortion, is an emotionally charged one. The two major groups are completely opposite in their beliefs. Rather than discuss the emotional views of those groups, I have chosen to research, write, and conclude based on factual material, concerning teenage abortion. A discussion of abortion as a definition is explained medically, and in a small part the emotional effects on the participant. I have chosen to report in a factual not an emotional manner. The direct definition of abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by loss or destruction of the fetus before birth. ("Abortion") There are two types of abortion, spontaneous and induced. (Emmens 7) Spontaneous abortion occurs in the first trimester (first three months) of a pregnancy. (Emmens 7) This type of abortion is more commonly known as a miscarriage. (Emmens 7) "Miscarriages are usually attributed to an abnormality to the fetus." (Emmens, 7) Induced is the other type of abortion, the one creating a wide spread controversy throughout the United States and many other parts of the world. (Emmens, 7) Induced abortion is a procedure intended to terminate a suspected or known unwanted pregnancy. ("Abortion") The fetus is forced out of the uterus causing it to die. (Emmens, 7) There are only a few different ways that an induced abortion is performed. The most common technique is known as vacuum aspiration. ("Abortion") During the procedure the embryo or the fetus and the placenta is drawn into a tube by vacuum pressure. ("Abortion") Vacuum aspiration along with the other methods of abortion, are usually performed in the first trimester. ("Abortion") The procedure for second trimester abortion is a more risky and complicated procedure. ("Abortion") Thirty six percent of all teenage women who become pregnant choose to terminate their pregnancies by having abortions. (Meier,49) There are many reasons why teenagers decide that abortion is the best option for their own specific situations. "Some say they aren't ready for the kind of changes a baby would bring to their lives." (Meier,46) The top three reasons, teens and grown women alike, choose to have an abortion are: 1. A child would change the lives of all involved, drastically, in ways that many are not ready to handle. 2. A feeling of immaturity. 3. Financial problems, only to be made worse if a youngster was involved.(Planned)... ... to parental physical or psychiatric illness and/or drug and alcohol abuse. (Planned) Many are also frightened of what might be said and done to them. "There is evidence that teenagers who do not involve their parents believe, that involving their parents would not be in their best interests or are trying to protect their parents." (Planned) A strong majority of the teens having abortions already involve parents even if not required to do so by law. (Planned) Allowing teenage girls to have abortions is allowing them to go on with their lives. To pursue the many hopes and dreams of their childhood. It is allowing them to continue to be a child instead of raising one. As for the entire subject of teenage abortion, I am absolutely 100% pro-choice. I believe any women, young or old should have the right to choose, without legal strings attached. I would suggest a process of guidance be made available, should a women so choose. My thoughts are, an adult, maybe not a parent, but a pers on of legal age, should be available to give guidance because they care, not because they are bound to do so by law. In conclusion I do not believe Government should intrude in such personal matters. Teenage Abortion Essay -- Abortion Essays Research Papers The subject of teenage abortion, is an emotionally charged one. The two major groups are completely opposite in their beliefs. Rather than discuss the emotional views of those groups, I have chosen to research, write, and conclude based on factual material, concerning teenage abortion. A discussion of abortion as a definition is explained medically, and in a small part the emotional effects on the participant. I have chosen to report in a factual not an emotional manner. The direct definition of abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by loss or destruction of the fetus before birth. ("Abortion") There are two types of abortion, spontaneous and induced. (Emmens 7) Spontaneous abortion occurs in the first trimester (first three months) of a pregnancy. (Emmens 7) This type of abortion is more commonly known as a miscarriage. (Emmens 7) "Miscarriages are usually attributed to an abnormality to the fetus." (Emmens, 7) Induced is the other type of abortion, the one creating a wide spread controversy throughout the United States and many other parts of the world. (Emmens, 7) Induced abortion is a procedure intended to terminate a suspected or known unwanted pregnancy. ("Abortion") The fetus is forced out of the uterus causing it to die. (Emmens, 7) There are only a few different ways that an induced abortion is performed. The most common technique is known as vacuum aspiration. ("Abortion") During the procedure the embryo or the fetus and the placenta is drawn into a tube by vacuum pressure. ("Abortion") Vacuum aspiration along with the other methods of abortion, are usually performed in the first trimester. ("Abortion") The procedure for second trimester abortion is a more risky and complicated procedure. ("Abortion") Thirty six percent of all teenage women who become pregnant choose to terminate their pregnancies by having abortions. (Meier,49) There are many reasons why teenagers decide that abortion is the best option for their own specific situations. "Some say they aren't ready for the kind of changes a baby would bring to their lives." (Meier,46) The top three reasons, teens and grown women alike, choose to have an abortion are: 1. A child would change the lives of all involved, drastically, in ways that many are not ready to handle. 2. A feeling of immaturity. 3. Financial problems, only to be made worse if a youngster was involved.(Planned)... ... to parental physical or psychiatric illness and/or drug and alcohol abuse. (Planned) Many are also frightened of what might be said and done to them. "There is evidence that teenagers who do not involve their parents believe, that involving their parents would not be in their best interests or are trying to protect their parents." (Planned) A strong majority of the teens having abortions already involve parents even if not required to do so by law. (Planned) Allowing teenage girls to have abortions is allowing them to go on with their lives. To pursue the many hopes and dreams of their childhood. It is allowing them to continue to be a child instead of raising one. As for the entire subject of teenage abortion, I am absolutely 100% pro-choice. I believe any women, young or old should have the right to choose, without legal strings attached. I would suggest a process of guidance be made available, should a women so choose. My thoughts are, an adult, maybe not a parent, but a pers on of legal age, should be available to give guidance because they care, not because they are bound to do so by law. In conclusion I do not believe Government should intrude in such personal matters.

A Study on Job Satisfaction of Employee

A STUDY ON JOB SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES CONTENTS |Sl. No. |Title |Page No. | |1. Introduction |1 – 5 | | | |Statement of the Problem |1 | | | |Objectives of the Study |1 | | | |Scope and Significance of the Study |2 | | | |Research Methodology |2 | | | |Limitations of the Study |4 | | | |Chapteraisation |4 | |2. Profiles |6 – 17 | | | |Industry profile |6 | | | |Company profile |8 | | | |Product profile |13 | |3. |Theoretical Framework |18 – 28 | |4. |Analysis and Interpretation |29 – 40 | |5. |Findings and Recommendations |41 – 42 | |6. Summary |43 | | |Bibliography | | | |Appendix | | LIST OF TABLES |Table |Description |Page No. | | | | | |4. 1 |Score of Various Attributes |30 | |4. 2 |Score of Various Attributes |31 | |4. |Score of Various Attributes |32 | |4. 4 |Score of Various Attributes |33 | |4. 5 |Gender of Respondents |34 | |4. 6 |Educational Qualification |35 | |4. 7 |Experience of the Respondents |36 | |4. 8 |Age of the Res pondents |37 | |4. |Marital Status of the Respondents |38 | | | | | LIST OF FIGURES |Figure |Description |Page No. | | | | | |4. 1 |Score of Various Attributes |30 | |4. 2 |Score of Various Attributes |31 | |4. 3 |Score of Various Attributes 32 | |4. 4 |Score of Various Attributes |33 | |4. 5 |Gender of Respondents |34 | |4. 6 |Educational Qualification |35 | |4. 7 |Experience of the Respondents |36 | |4. 8 |Age of the Respondents |37 | |4. |Marital Status of the Respondents |38 | | | | | Chapter I Introduction Introduction ? Statement of the problem ? Objectives of the Study ? Scope and Significance of the Study ? Research Methodology ? Limitation of the Study ? Chapterisation Chapter III THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Chapter IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Chapter V SUMMARY, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Chapter VI SUMMARY APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter IIPROFILES Industry Profile ? Company Profile ? Product Profile INTRODUCTION A study was conducted at, WESTERN INDIA PLYWOODS, VALAPAT TANAM, the largest integrated wood processing complex in the country on Job Satisfaction of the employees. Job satisfaction is a set of favorable or unfavorable feelings and emotions with which employees view their work. Job satisfaction is an affective attitude — a feeling of relative like or dislike toward something. Job satisfaction typically refers to the attitudes of a single employee. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Western India Plywoods has been incurring losses in the last few years. Health, knowledge, skill level etc. f employees are significant factors that can influence the fate of an organization. The causes of business failure may be internal and external, mostly by people related issues. This study attempts at finding the current level of job satisfaction of employees at Western India Plywoods and what it means for its turnaround. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Main Objective The main objective is to study the satisfaction level of workers with respect to various factors. Su b-Objectives ? To study the employee perception about personnel policies. ? To identify ways of improving job satisfaction, if possible. SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study is limited to the workers at the WESTERN INDIA PLYWOODS.It is conducted with the objective of finding various factors affecting the job satisfaction of workers in the company. This study in its practical and theoretical sense will help the management in assessing the satisfaction level of the workers. Job satisfaction of the employees is the major concern of every organization. Dissatisfied employees is a major threat to the company causing a decline in every functions of the company. So the study on the job satisfaction of the employees gains more importance and significance in the sense that it affects productivity and hence the existence of the company. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design . The study conducted at WESTERN INDIA PLYWOODS was descriptive in nature.It aims at portraying accurately the c haracteristics of a group or situation. Sampling Design The technique adopted for the sampling is convenient sampling . Sample Size and population The workers of Western India Plywoods constituted the population for the study. It has 900 permanent workers. The sample selected for the study is limited to 50 for convenience. Study Variables The following variables were selected for the study ? Gender of respondents ? Age of respondents ? Educational qualification ? Experience of employees ? Time spent with family ? Wage level ? Opinion about promotion policy, job security, recognition, work place relationship, etc was also included. Methods of Data CollectionData were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from the workers by means of Questionnaire and the secondary data were compiled from past records, journals and the Internet. Tools of Data Collection Questionnaire was prepared to collect the relevant data. Major variables such as promotional factors, motivational factors, personal factors and environmental factors were considered while preparing questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared after an initial discussion with a few employees, HR manager, trade union representatives etc. For the questionnaire, closed -end questions were used. Data Analysis and InterpretationThe data analysis and presentation were done using mean, chi-square test, frequency tables, bar charts and pie-diagram. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ? Chances of bias from the respondents cannot be neglected. ? Qualitative study poses a problem of proper articulation of feelings and emotions. In an organizational context superior behaviour may also affect quality of responses. CHAPTERISATION Chapter I Introduction deals with â€Å"introduction to the study†, â€Å"Statement of the Problem†, â€Å"Objectives of the Study†, â€Å"Scope and Significance of the Study†, â€Å"Research Methodology† and â€Å"Limitation of the S tudy†. Chapter II Profile deals with â€Å"Industry Profile†, â€Å"Company Profile†, and â€Å"product profile.Chapter III, â€Å"Theoretical Framework† of job satisfaction Chapter IV, Analysis and Interpretation deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data collected from the respondents. Chapter V Summary, Findings and Recommendations deals with findings from the analysis and the suggestions based on the findings. CONCLUSION This chapter we presented the problem, objectives, scope and significance of the study. The research methodology and limitation of the study were also mentioned . The next chapter deals with profile of the company, its products and markets. INDUSTRY PROFILE INTRODUCTION According to archeologist, man’s cultural progress can be traced in the art of wood veneering.Relics, found in Egypt and Chinese tombs dating from 2002 BC indicate that veneering combines art and science. The 14th century witnessed the revival of art and brought to veneering a new figure and beauty. Today modern machinery and mass production technique produce veneers that are used to build nearly 80% of furniture. PLYWOOD INDUSTRY The necessity of making plywood arises out of the inherent defect in wood plywood in an engineered wood panel . made from thin layer of wood veneers assembled with grain direction of adjacent veneer as right angled to each other with layers of synthetic resins, adhesive and pressed under high heat and pressure, thus imparting a great degree of strength.It is dimensionally stable and strongest sheet material to weight ratio . It is technically designed to be strong and stiff enough to safely replace more than three times thick solid timber for the same use. It appears, plywood industry has become an innocent victim of gross misconception. The unfounded impression that this industry is exerting pressure on our natural resources is factually incorrect. It is in total disagreed to its excellent role as an economic substitute of solid wood and thus prevention of natural forest and ecology. Strangely enough the government desires that the use of aluminium, steel and plastic as substitute of solid wood in buildings may be encouraged.Similarly other substitute like wood based board and medium densified fiber board are claiming their superiority over plywood in terms of its functional use and ecology conservation role. PRODUCT PROFILE The company produces traditional general-purpose commercial and decorative plywood. In addition to that the company proudly presents an exciting range of specially plywood panels and materials for specific applications. 1. WESIND FIRE RETARDANT PLYWOOD This plywood is ideal for residential and non-residential building, transportation vehicles etc. This plywood meets the British Standards Specification and has been certified by the British Standard Institute. 2. WESTIND FIRE RETARDANT PLYWOODExperts in the aviation field have acclaimed this extra ordinary pr oduct of the Company for its unparalleled quality. This product has earned the recognition of the Directorate of Civil Aviation, Government of India, on its introduction itself. 3. WESTIND MARINE PLYWOOD Made of special category timber, this highly durable plywood ensures smooth sailing of vessels in the harsh marine environment. 4. WESTIND RESIN COATED PLYWOOD BWR plywood is coated with a special grade phenolic resin coated plywood's impart a superior finish to the concrete surface and avoid the tedious and expensive plastering operation. 5. WESTIND FLOORING BOARDS These boards have been developed using veneer hard board laminates.The boards have been given a social water repellent treatment and the unique is that they can be cut to nay size to suit the requirement of the floor area. It can be directly laid on a raw concrete floor by applying a thin coat of suitable adhesive. 6. WESTED FURNITURE WESTERN INDIA PLYWOOD specializes in exquisite and molded plywood furniture, which will exceed your expectations regarding strength and durability. WESTIND furniture is manufactured utilizing the finest building material available in the market. It is a matter of pride to WIP that the loose furniture in the Leela Goa project was entirely supplied by the company. It is made with a judicious blend of solid timber and composite panels to optimise strength and cost.The company adopts ultra modern technology to give the products of lasting value and elegance. 7. WESTED SUPTER BLOCK BOARDS Bonded with phenolic resing to produce by a special process with extra core. This product is free from warping and surface undulation. It is a superior to conventional block board and particle board. Its more stable than conventional block boards and its nailing and screw holding properties are superb. 8. WESTING COMPREG Densified and super toughened wood panel products made from veneers impregnated with synthetic resin adhesive and pressed at elevated temperatures and pressures. ? WIPWOO D – for textile and jute mill looms. ? WIPROC – for press forming tools in sheet metal and Aeronautical industries. WIPLAC-panels for rail coach furnishing. ? WIPBEAR-for rolls bearing application ? WIP FILTER PLATES AND FRAME WORKS – for filtration in Chemical industries. ? WIPCHECK-compressed floor board for Automobile, industrial and rail coach furnishing. ? WIPCOM-for high and low voltage insulation in air or in an oil bath. COMPREG MOULED CHAIR SEATS – for EMU rail coaches, Auditorium, Theatres and restaurants. The introduction of WIPLAC and a host of other innovative products underlie the company's commitment to the industry and provide reason for the luminous reputation in the country's larges integrated wood product company enjoys in domestic and international markets.In 1978, WIP set up a plant for manufacturing Di-ally phthalate molding powder, a thermo set which had to be imported with them. Significantly, the technology was developed in house with support from Shree Ram Institute of Industrial research, Delhi. In 1989, the Company put up a pre-finishing plant for direct printing wood grains and plain colours onto hard boards and plywood using radiation curved surface finishes. The pre-finishing plant is the only one of its kind in the country and one of the few in the world. All the raw materials and processes employed in the plant are 100% Eco-Friendly. The company's products are exported to quality conscious markets around the world. MARKETSThe Company has been passing through acute problems for sourcing good raw materials, the price of which increases almost on a daily basis. The main raw material for the company, i. e. , timber, is being exported and here again the company has no control over the price, which varies from shipment to shipment. The company has also no control over the levies being made by Central State Government. Also, the steep increase in cost of imported raw materials, the high power tariff and the ever increasing cost of Furnace oil and other petroleum products collectively put together rendered the company's products uncompetitive in the market. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY The energy conservation measures taken are as follows:Installed variable frequency drives for mating conveyors in No: II Hard board line to eliminate components like brakes, clutches, V-belts and inching motors. By retaining the existing motors, considerable power saving has been achieved. Optimized cooling tower operation by retrofitting and introduction of energy savers in cooling fans Installed level monitoring, closed loop control system for white water chest, and achieved optimisation in white water usage. Introduced automatic Delta Star running system for partial loaded motors in plywood and hardwood plants. The company has also achieved 100% utilization of source raw materials due to its integrated production system. Therefore, it would be apt to call the Western India Plywood's Ltd. â€Å"the company with a conscience. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK INTRODUCTION In this chapter theoretical aspect of job satisfaction is recorded. Job satisfaction reflects the extent to which people find gratification or fulfillment in their work. Job satisfaction is a combination of psychological and environmental factors that make a person to admit, I am happy at my job. Extensive Research on job satisfaction shows that personal factors such as individual's needs and aspirations determine his attitude, along with group and organizational factors such as relationship with co-workers and supervisors, working conditions, work policies, and compensation. DEFINITIONWe can define job satisfaction as involving cognitive, affective and evaluating reactions or attitudes and states it is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experience. Job satisfaction is a result of employee's perception of how well their job provides those things that are viewed as important. Through the years five job dimensions have been identified to represent the most important characteristics of a job about which employees have affective responses. These are: ? The work itself: The extent to which the job provides the individual with interesting tasks, opportunities for learning and the chance to accept responsibility. Pay: The amount of financial remuneration that is received and the degree to which this is viewed as equitable that of others in the organization. ? Promotional opportunities. The chances for advancement in the organization. ? Supervision: The abilities of the supervisor to provide technical assistance and behavioral support. ? Co-workers: the degree to which fellow workers are technically proficient and socially supportive. There are number of factors that influence job satisfaction. However the main factors are: I. PROMOTIONAL FACTORS Promotional opportunities seem to have a varying effect on job satisfaction. This is because promotions take a numb er of different forms and have a variety of accompanying rewards.For example, individuals who are promoted on the basis of seniority often experience job satisfaction but not as much as those who are promoted on the basis of performance. A promotion is the transfer of an employee to a job which pays more money or one that carries same preferred status. A promotion may be defined as an upward advancement of an employee in an organization to another job, which commands better pay/wages, better status/prestige, and higher opportunities/challenges, responsibility, and authority, better working environment, hours of work and facilities, and a higher rank. A promotion is a vertical move in the rank and responsibility. Involved in a promotion may be some measure of skill; and responsibility. Promotions are usually given: ?To put the worker in a position where he will be of greater value to the company and where he may derive increased personal satisfaction and income from the work; ? To re cognize an individual's performance and reward him for his work so that he may have an incentive to forge ahead. Employees will have little motivation if better jobs are reserved for outsiders. ? To increase an employee's organizational effectiveness; ? To promote job satisfaction among the employees and give them an opportunity for unbroken, continuous service; ? To build up morale, loyalty, and a sense of belonging on the part of the employees when it is brought home to them that they would be promoted if they deserve it; ?To attract suitable and competent workers for the organization. II. MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS There is no doubt that motivation is the key to the promotion of proper good human relations. The term â€Å"motivation† was originally derived from the Latin word movere, which means â€Å"to move†. We can define motivation as an inner state that energises, activates, or moves (hence ‘motivation'), and that directs or channels behavior towards goals. Thu s motivation is a general term that applies to the entire class of energy, drive, tension and similar forces. The studies can be classified under two groups, on the basis of convenience and simplifications, viz. , traditional theories, and modern theories.The traditional theories are based on mostly the â€Å"human relations approach† in management, with little attention to psychological processes that occur. This approach was based upon three simple assumptions: ? Personnel primarily are economically motivated and secondarily desire security and good working conditions. ? Provision of the above rewards to personnel will have a positive effect on the morale. There is a positive correlation between morale and productivity. III. PERSONAL FACTORS Personal factors comprises name, age, sex, marital status, experience, spending time with the family are the personal factors affecting the level of job satisfaction.Age: The relationship between age and job satisfaction could be comple x generally one would expect that as the person gets older greater would be his job satisfaction level because of the experience and the case with which he would he will be able to perform his work Education: The relation between job satisfaction and education is based on how his educational qualification helps him to meet the job requirements and how he is able to utilize to earn additional promotion or a fare salary. However it is reasonable to assume that the more educated would be more frustrated. Years of experience: The relation between job satisfaction and years of experience is such that a new employee would be more satisfied with his job because of the enthusiasm of the work but these gradually decrease and increases when he reaches the stage of retirement as there is no other alternative opportunity available to him IV. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSInterpersonal relationship with supervisor-There seems to be two dimensions of supervisory style that affect job satisfaction. One is employee centeredness, which is measured by the degree to which a supervisor takes a personal interest and cares about the employee. It commonly is manifested in ways such as checking to see how well the employee is doing. The other dimension is participation or influence, as illustrated by managers who allow their people to participate in decisions that affect their own jobs. In most cases, this approach leads to higher job satisfaction. A participative climate created by the supervisor has a more substantial effect on worker's satisfaction Interpersonal relation with work groups will have an effect on job satisfaction.Friendly, co-operative co-workers or team members are a modest source of job satisfaction to individual employees. The work group especially a â€Å"tight† team, serves as a source of support, comfort, advice and assistance to the individual members. A â€Å"good† work group or effective team makes the job more enjoyable. However, this factor is not job satisfaction. On the other hand, if the reverse condition exists the people are difficult to get along with this factor may have a negative effect on job satisfaction. Working conditions have a modest effect on job satisfaction. If the working conditions are good (clean, attractive surroundings for instance), the personnel will find it easier to carry out their jobs.If the working conditions are poor (hot, noisy surroundings for example), personnel will find it more difficult to get things done. In other words, the effect of working conditions on job satisfaction is similar to that of the work group; there may or may not be a job satisfaction problem. Hertzberg’s motivation and hygiene factors are relevant in job satisfaction. If the workers get adequate opportunity to hear and to be heard by the top management it can be a source of job satisfaction. This observation has been subscribed by Vroom while he holds that there exists a relationship between job satisfaction and opp ortunity for self-express. [pic]A MODEL OF JOB SATISFACTION The model of job satisfaction is presented below: EXPECTATIONS ACTUAL ABOUT JOBSCONDITIONS DISCREPANCIES PAYPAY WORK ITSELFWORK ITSELF PROMOTIONSPROMOTIONS COWORKERSCOWORKERS WORKING CONDITIONSWORKING CONDITIONS SUPER VISORSSUPER VISORS EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION Basically, job satisfaction is determined by the ‘discrepancy’ between what individuals expect to get out of their jobs and what the job actually offers. A person will be dissatisfied if there is less than the desire amount of job characteristics in the job. For instance if a person expects to be promoted in six month and then is not, the person will be dissatisfied.A person will be satisfied if there is no discrepancy between decide and actual conditions. If it is more than the employee expected of some job factor and the excess is beneficial (e. g. a large bonus, faster promotion) then the person will be very highly satisfied. Job Satisfaction And Pro ductivity Historically the concept of human relations assumed that high job satisfaction led to high productivity but later research indicated that this was an incorrect assumption. Satisfied workers turned out be either high producers or low producers only on average producers. The satisfaction-productivity relationship appeared to quite complex being influenced by various intermediate factors such as rewards than an employee receives.The question has often risen whether job satisfaction leads to performance of performance leads to job satisfaction. Lawler and Porter have developed a model that suggests that productivity leads to satisfaction. According to them, performance leads to reward and if these are perceived to equitable employee, satisfaction is the result. The assumption, which seems most realistic, is that satisfaction and productivity are in a circular relationship in which each affects the other. From the various studies a general relationship emerges between job satis faction and productivity as shown in figure Relationship between Job satisfaction and Productivity [pic]Here in X, Y graph where X = Productivity and Y = Job satisfaction Line A = High Job satisfaction and Less Productivity Line B = High Job satisfaction and High productivity Lind C = High productivity and less job satisfaction. Here ‘line C’ of chart shows the conditions of high productivity and low job satisfaction which can be occur when the supervisors push the production through techniques of scientific management such as methods study, time study and close supervision. C. B MAMORIA – PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ‘Line A’ represents a condition which believes that satisfied workers are the best workers and try to keep workers happy regardless of the affects on organizational goals.In this condition, the worker may derive such job satisfaction, but work may be done. One supervisor describes this condition, as â€Å"my workers due so happy that they donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t feel like my working†. The middle ‘line B’ appears to be the most desirable agreement-where high satisfaction and high productivity are combined together CONCLUSION In this chapter the theoretical aspects of job satisfaction were discussed. Major variables such as promotional factors, motivational factors, personal factors and environmental factors were considered . The relationship between job satisfaction and productivity was also described. The next chapter gives analysis and interpretation of the survey data. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION INTRODUCTIONIn this chapter the analysis of the collected data is shown. Analysis of data is made possible through Frequency Tables, Bar Charts, Pie-diagram, and Chi-Square test. Information is interpreted in percentage forms. Scoring method is also used to find the score of various attributes. Mean of various attributes are also shown. In scoring method score is given to the options for example. Score given to Strongl y agree, agree, no opinion, disagree, strongly disagree is +2, +1,0, -1, -2 respectively. Mean: mean is the most common measure of central tendency and can be defined as the value of various given items in a series by the total number of items. Mean = (fx / (f TEST OF HYPOTHESISThe test of hypothesis is a process of testing significance regarding the parameter of the population on the basis of the sample. Chi-Square test is used to test the significance of the parameters of the population. Formula for Calculating X2 : [pic] Where O = Observed Frequency, E = Expected Frequency, Degree of Freedom = (C-1) (R-1) Table: 4. 1 SCORE OF VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES |SI NO |ATTRIBUTES |SCORE | |1 |Standard of living |0. 6 | |2 |Promotion policy |-0. 4 | |3 |Job security |0. 64 | *Source: survey data From the table we can find that the score of standard of living is 0. 6 and the score of promotion policy is -0. 54 while job security got 0. 64. Figure 4. 1 SCORE OF VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES [pic] The above ta ble is shown in graph. From that we can see that the graph of promotion policy came to the negative side. Majority of the employees are not satisfied with the promotion policy. They have the opinion that the present job has improved their standard of living and they think that their job is secure. Table 4. 2 SCORE OF VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES SI NO |ATTRIBUTES |SCORE | |1 |Appreciation |-0. 38 | |2 |Suggestion |0. 08 | |3 |Salary |-0. 3 | *Source: survey data From the table we can find that the score of appreciation from superiors is -0. 38. The score of salary is -0. 3 Figure 4. 2 SCORE OF VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES [pic] The above table is shown in graph. From that we can see that they are not getting appreciation from the superiors. The superiors are not inviting suggestions from the employees. The salary given to them is not adequate. Table 4. 3SCORE OF VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES |SI NO |ATTRIBUTES |SCORE | |1 |Better job prospect |-0. 6 | |2 |Job change |-0. 02 | |3 |Skill |-0. 32 | |4 |Time spent w ith family |0. 5 | *Source: survey data From the table we can find that the score of desire to change the present job is -0. 02.Utilization of skill got a score of -0. 32 while the time spent with family got 0. 5. Figure 4. 3 SCORE OF VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES [pic] The above table is shown in graph. From that we can analyse that majority think that they don’t have a better job prospect as per their qualification. They don’t want to change the present job. Majority are having the opinion that their skills are not properly utilized. They are getting enough time with their family. Table 4. 4 SCORE OF VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES |SI NO |ATTRIBUTES |SCORE | |1 |Trade union activities |0. | |2 |Welfare measures |0 | |3 |Working condition |0. 44 | |4 |Relationship with co-workers |0. 82 | *Source: survey data From the table we can find that the activities of trade union got 0. 4 as its score, while working condition scored 0. 44. the relationship with co-workers scored 0. 82. Figure 4. 4 S CORE OF VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES [pic] The above table is shown in graph. The employees are having a nice opinion about the trade union activities and working condition. A healthy relationship exists between workers and their superiors.The welfare measures provided by the company are not adequate. Table: 4. 5 GENDER OF RESPONDENTS |SI NO |SEX |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |1 |Male |41 |82 | |2 |Female |9 |18 | *Source: survey data From the table we can analyze that 82% of the employees are male and 18% is female Figure 4. 5 GENDER OF RESPONDENTS [pic] The same date is shown with the help of pie-diagram. From that we can see that majority of the respondents are male. Table: 4. 6 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION SI NO |EDUCATION |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |1 |SSLC |39 |78 | |2 |HSC |8 |16 | |3 |GRADUATION |3 |6 | |4 |PG |0 |0 | *Source: survey data The educational qualification of respondents is shown in the table. 78 % of the workers have education up to school level and 16% of them are having education al qualification HSC . 6% of the respondents are graduates. Figure 4. 6 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION [pic] The above table is shown in graph. From that we can interpret that majority are having their education up to school level. Table: 4. 7 EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS |SI NO |EXPERIENCE |FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE | |1 |0 to 10 |8 |16 | |2 |10 to 20 |27 |54 | |3 |20 to 30 |10 |20 | |4 |30 to 40 |5 |10 | *Source: survey data Mean experience= 17. 4 The experience of respondents is shown in the table. 54% of them are having experience between 10 to 20 years. 16% comes under the range 0 to 10. Only 10 of them have experience above 30 years. Figure 4. 7 EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS [pic] The above table is shown in graph. From that we can see that majority are having experience between 10 to 20 years. Table: 4. 8 AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS SI NO |AGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |1 |21 – 30 |12 |24 | |2 |31- 40 |32 |64 | |3 |41 to 50 |4 |8 | |4 |above 50 |2 |4 | *Source: survey data Mean age = 36 From the table we can see that 64%of the respondents come under the age group 31 to 40 Figure 4. 8 AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS [pic] The same data is shown in the graph. Table: 4. 9 MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS SI NO |MARITAL STATUS |FREQUENCY | | | | | | | | | | |PERCENTAGE | |1 |Married |35 |70 | |2 |Single |15 |30 | *Source: survey data The marital status of the employees is shown in the table. We can see that 70%of the employees are married. Figure 4. 9: MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS [pic] The same data is shown with the help of graph. Chi- square is a non parametric test that has assumed great importance in statistical analysis and statistical inferences because it can be used without making assumptions about parameters, as it is a distribution free test.Chi-square is a measure which evaluates the extent to which a set of the observed frequency of a sample deviates from the corresponding set of the expected frequency of the sample. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPERIENCE AND WAG ES H0=There exist no significant relationship between experience and wages H1= There exist significant relationship between experience and wages | |Wages | |Experience |Agree |Disagree |Total | |0 to 20 |12 |23 |35 | |20 to 40 |7 |8 |15 | |Total |19 |31 |50 | O |E |O-E |(O-E)2 |(O-E)2/E | |12 |13. 3 |-1. 3 |1. 69 |. 1271 | |23 |21. 7 |1. 3 |1. 69 |. 0779 | |7 |5. 7 |1. 3 |1. 69 |. 2965 | |8 |9. 3 |-1. 3 |1. 69 |. 1812 | |Total |. 6827 | Calculated Value of X2=. 6827Degree of freedom = 1 Table value at 5% level of significance =3. 841 As the calculated value is less than the table value the null hypothesis is accepted. The test of hypothesis reveals that there is no significant relationship between experience and wages. Those with more experience are not paid higher. Conclusion Analysis of collected data is shown in this chapter. Analysis of data is done by Frequency Tables, Bar Charts, Pie-diagram, and Chi-Square test. Information is interpreted in percentage forms Findings and reco mmendations are given in the following chapter. FINDINGS ? Majority of the employees are not satisfied with the promotion policy. The present job has improved their standard of living to some extend. ? Majority have the opinion that their job is secure. ? The employees are not getting adequate salary and the appreciation from their superiors is not satisfactory. ? Majority have the opinion that their skills are not fully utilized. ? The employees have a nice opinion about trade union activities and working condition. ? A healthy and relationship exists between workers and their superiors. The welfare measures provided by the company are not adequate. ? Majority of the respondents at WIP were male. ? Majority of the workers have education up to school level. ? Main experience of the workers at WIP is 17 years. Most of the workers fall in the age group of 31-40 mean age is 36 years. ? The test of hypothesis reveals that there is no significant relationship between experience and wages . Those with more experience are not paid higher. RECOMMENDATIONS ? It is advisable that the company should pay sufficient attention in providing monetary benefits to the employees ? The Management should take some initiative to enhance the welfare measures ? The employers should duly recognize and appreciate the efforts taken by the employees. It will give motivation to the employees ? It was found that the more experienced workers are not paid higher and thus resulting in employee dissatisfaction.It is advisable that the company should take some initiative to implement new wage system in which experience gets more importance. ? Timely promotions would greatly help the workers as they feel recognized. ? Valuable suggestions made by the workers should given due consideration. SUMMARY The findings generated by the analysis of data resulted in the following conclusions. This study finds that personal factors like experience, time spend with the family affect the level of job satisfact ion. Further analyses of data revealed that organisational factors like wages, reward, job security; role of job in increasing the standard of living affects the level of satisfaction.This study shows significant relationship between wages and standard of living Additionally this study reveals that managerial factors like ability, suggestions for improvement, relationship with superiors and co-workers contributes to the level of satisfaction. This study also indicates that working condition, role of trade union, welfare measures affects the level of satisfaction. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Referred 1. VSP RAO, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, EXCELL BOOKS, NEW DELHI, 2000. 2. MAMORIA C. B. ; GANKAR S. V. ‘PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT TEXT AND CASES. HIMALAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE, MUMBAI 2004. 3. BISWAJET PATTNAYAK, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT EXCELL BOOKS, NEW DELHI, 2000 4. KOTHARI C. R. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES, WISHWA PRAKASHAN PUBLICATION, NEW DELHI, 1999. Websites www. questionpro. com www. wipltd. co m. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE A Study on Job Satisfaction of Employees Conducted at Western India Plywoods, Valapattanam 1. My job is secure Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 2. I get comparatively better salary Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 3. I usually get appreciation from superior officers Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 4. They encourage me to offer suggestions for improvement of my establishment Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 5.My job improved my standard of living Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 6. I had a better job prospect as per my qualification. Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 7. I like to change my present job Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 8. I am satisfied with the relationship with my superiors and co-workers. Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 9. My skills are completely utilized Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 10. I am satisfied with the trade union activities. Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 1. Company provides number of welfare measures. Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 12. I have a convenient working condition. Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 13. Your opinion about present promotion policy Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 14. I get enough time to look after my family Strongly agree(Agree(Disagree( Strongly disagree(No opinion( 15. Name: 16. Sex: 17. Age:21-30(31-40(41-50(Above 50( 18. Educational qualification SSLC(HSC(Graduation(PG( 19. Experience 0-10(10-20(20-30(30-40( 20. Marital Status Married(Single( ———————– C B A 21 – 30

Free Essays on French And Indian War

The Seven Years’ War from 1756 to 1763, also known as the French and Indian War in North America, was a greedy fight for land ownership, fur rights and valuable trading territory. All together it consisted of three wars in one. There was fighting going on in America between the French and British which in turn caused the dispute to carry over into their European homelands and then also into Asia where it was called the Third Carnatic War. This was considered the first world war because it consisted of battles being fought all across the globe in North America, Europe, and Asia. Around 1750 British Land Companies started securing large grants of land in the Ohio Valley which upset the French because they had already claimed that the land was theirs. To try to control or stop the British expansion into their territory, the French established a shield of forts up and down their â€Å"claimed† boarder or land rights from the mouth of the St. Lawrence River all the way to the Great Lakes region and south to New Orleans. This also caused tension with the British because the French had then set up forts in Virginia territory claimed in the early 1600’s. These disputes inevitably caused the war to break out. The first attacks where by Indians on a young George Washington, who was sent along with 150 men to warn the French that they were trespassing on British grounds. Washington and his men never made it to their destination because of the Indian attacks but managed to build Fort Necessity, which wasn’t anything more then a barricade of logs and lost the battle. The French then took the junction of the rivers and built Fort Duquesne. The English continued to sustain loses in America, do to the help of the Indians to the French, and also in Europe. The British was on the worse end of this war until 1757 when William Pitt came into power. Pitt was the force that the British needed to bring them hope. He started many new very well coordin... Free Essays on French And Indian War Free Essays on French And Indian War The Seven Years’ War from 1756 to 1763, also known as the French and Indian War in North America, was a greedy fight for land ownership, fur rights and valuable trading territory. All together it consisted of three wars in one. There was fighting going on in America between the French and British which in turn caused the dispute to carry over into their European homelands and then also into Asia where it was called the Third Carnatic War. This was considered the first world war because it consisted of battles being fought all across the globe in North America, Europe, and Asia. Around 1750 British Land Companies started securing large grants of land in the Ohio Valley which upset the French because they had already claimed that the land was theirs. To try to control or stop the British expansion into their territory, the French established a shield of forts up and down their â€Å"claimed† boarder or land rights from the mouth of the St. Lawrence River all the way to the Great Lakes region and south to New Orleans. This also caused tension with the British because the French had then set up forts in Virginia territory claimed in the early 1600’s. These disputes inevitably caused the war to break out. The first attacks where by Indians on a young George Washington, who was sent along with 150 men to warn the French that they were trespassing on British grounds. Washington and his men never made it to their destination because of the Indian attacks but managed to build Fort Necessity, which wasn’t anything more then a barricade of logs and lost the battle. The French then took the junction of the rivers and built Fort Duquesne. The English continued to sustain loses in America, do to the help of the Indians to the French, and also in Europe. The British was on the worse end of this war until 1757 when William Pitt came into power. Pitt was the force that the British needed to bring them hope. He started many new very well coordin...

Soothing Quotes About Heartbreak

Soothing Quotes About Heartbreak A famous- and true- adage goes like this: A friend is one who walks in when others walk out. All those who have had their hearts trampled upon will agree that the presence of a friend can ease the pain. So if you have a friend going through a tough heartbreak, just be around. If you find yourself at a loss for words, dont fret. These love and heartbreak quotes can help you to soothe your friend aptly express your feelings without making you sound like a know-it-all. Heartbreak Quotes Anonymous If we deny love that is given to us, if we refuse to give love because we fear pain or loss, then our lives will be empty, our loss greater. Robert Frost â€Å"The only way out is through.†Ã‚   Haruki Murakami, Norwegian Wood â€Å"What happens when people open their hearts?  They get better.†Ã‚   Cormac McCarthy, All the Pretty Horses â€Å"Scars have the strange power to remind us that our past is real.†Ã‚   David GraysonLooking back, I have this to regret, that too often when I loved, I did not say so. Jim Henson â€Å"Only time can heal your broken heart. Just as only time can heal his broken arms and legs.†Ã‚   Javan Love can sometimes be magic. But magic can sometimes ... just be an illusion. Richard Puz, The Carolinian â€Å"Death leaves a heartache no one can heal, love leaves a memory no one can steal. (From an Irish headstone) Robert James Waller, The Bridges of Madison County â€Å"The human heart has a way of making itself large again even after its been broken into a million pieces.†Ã‚   Marcel Proust â€Å"We are healed of a suffering only by experiencing it to the full.†Ã‚   In reality, in  love  there is a permanent suffering which joy neutralizes, renders virtual delays, but which can at any moment become what it would have become long earlier if one had not obtained what one wanted- atrocious. Spanish ProverbWhere there is love, there is pain. Charles M. Schulz Nothing takes the taste out of peanut butter quite like unrequited love. Laura Fitzgerald, Veil of Roses â€Å"Given enough time and distance, the heart will always heal.†Ã‚   Shannon L. Adler â€Å"Time doesnt heal all wounds; only distance can lessen the sting of them.†Ã‚   John Christopher, The Sword of the Spirits â€Å"And though I remember her name I cannot recall her face. All things pass.†Ã‚   Steve Goodier â€Å"It’s true that laughter really is cheap medicine. It’s a prescription anyone can afford. And best of all, you can fill it right now.†Ã‚   Amy Hempel â€Å"Consolation is a beautiful word. Everyone skins his knee- that doesnt make yours hurt any less.†Ã‚   Jean de la Fontaine â€Å"Sadness flies away on the wings of time.†

The Sociological View of Power in Egypt Research Paper

The Sociological View of Power in Egypt - Research Paper Example † The Sociological View of Power in Egypt   According to Pip (2008), the main theoretical issue in political sociology is enabling the nature of power. Social politics focuses on coercion, political correctness and influence. These have been applied to come up with the various forms of leadership. Resistance, limitation and resistance that may be encountered must be overcome for power to affect social activities. People may however rebel by forming political movement to protest against state power. This occurs when people feel that there is abuse of power and that this abuse of power deprived of their rights. Political influence entails persuading and convincing others to accept one’s views. The main types are propaganda, genocide, political correctness and manipulation of public opinion. Coercion on the other hand entails the use of force and threat. There has been abuse of political power, through dictatorship, in Egypt. This is contrasting with the sociological view of power among the citizens. Sociological view requires that state power should be decentralized and democratic. The government is expected to protect democracy in the society. If any political influence is to be made, then it has to be within the range of individual freedom and choice. However, the Egyptian government has used coercion instead of ethical influence in governing the people. The Egyptians have been forced to take in whatever the government decides for them. This opposes the sociological view of politics in which power is vested on few individuals to act on behave of the rest. At the same time, they must put into consideration the interests of the people they represent. Dictatorship has led to the deprivation of basic human rights among many citizens. For a long time, the citizens of Egypt have wanted an end of political dictatorship and come up with a political institution governed by a democratic type of leadership. Political sociology identifies three types of lead ership styles that are developed by utilizing influence, coercion or political correctness. These are charismatic, bureaucratic and traditional (Farganis, 1996). The three types of sociological powers have become a base for social movements. Citizens protest as a way of airing their views concerning them. The people want political reforms that would address their basic needs for example standards of living and unemployment. This will be achieved if the leaders have political correctness. Leaders are expected to play their roles of giving guidance and direction to the people and not oppress them. When political leaders are on the right, they must overcome resistance for them to be fully able to exercise power. This is because the society consists of people with varied interests and views. Those with extreme ideas must be forced to agree with the majority (Merton, 1968). There is lack of political correctness in Egypt. Corruption is still present in the government yet the people are a lready impatient about it. The social movements mainly emerge from marginalized youth who are trying to express their rejection of the government’s present social and political system. During the recent protests, protestors were expressing their frustrations to the government. They were complaining that the government has not heeded to their cry for the country to have some democratic reforms. The country has been ruled though oppressive

North East Referendum of November 2004 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

North East Referendum of November 2004 - Essay Example Moreover the conservative thinking of most of the English people with their reluctance to accept any changes may be another reason for the refusal to consider the development of regional governments. However the Labour government of England had a different view altogether. With disregard to the public opinion the government wanted to push the conservative policies of regionalization of the government. This, the labour government wanted to do as a measure to strengthen the operating mechanisms of the central government in the different regions. With this intention the Government held a referendum in the North East Region of England on the 4th of November 2004, for assessing the public opinion on the regionalization of the government. For whatever reasons, the referendum was rejected overwhelmingly by the voters showing their intention clearly against the formation of any regional assemblies. This paper attempts to discuss in detail among other things, the possible reasons for holding such a referendum, the campaigns made in support and against such referendum, the turnout of the voters and the details of the final results of the referendum. North East region in one of the eight regions of England, that stretches from Scotland to Yorkshire. "The region was created in 1994 and was originally defined as Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Cleveland As part of a reform of local government Cleveland has since been abolished and several unitary districts created." (All Experts) A rich natural heritage makes the region one of the unique locale with its long stretches of coast and extensive upland tracts. The capital of the region is Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The Cathedral city of Durham in this region is the city's political centre and was tipped to get the assembly housed there. Sunderland and Middlesbrough are the other cities of the North East region of England. Basically these cities were industrialized ones. "As such, wages and the standards of living in the region are the lowest in England, with high unemployment the norm" (Andrew Stevens 2004) The region has also returned to the Parliament political bigwigs like Prime Minister Tony Blair himself among others. With this background the government put forth the referendum to the people of North East England to decide on the introduction of a regional government body in the North East region of England. The voters in the region of North East England rejected the proposal for forming a regional assembly in a decisive manner, making the other two planned referenda for different regions shelved by the government at least temporarily. The referendum had a turnout of 47.8 percent, out of which 22.1 percent voted in favour of the regional assembly, while 77.9 percent voted against making their opinion explicit without doubt. 1.2 Government's Views on the Need for a Directly-Elected Regional Assembly: The government of UK had expressed its views on the necessity to have an elected regional assembly for the North East England and with these views only the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister had directed the base work far carrying out a referendum in the region as to assess the public opinion for the creation of the elected regional assembly. The North East Constitutional Convention had identified the following reasons for the North